VoIP is the transmission of voice over packet-switched networks.
Traditional voice networks utilised circuit-switching technologies. Effectively, a pair of copper wires is used to connect one party to the other, completing an electrical "circuit". With packet-switching, traditionally used by IP based networks such as the internet to transmit data, voice signals are broken down into tiny "packets" of digital sampled data, sent and then reassembled at the receiving end. The efficiency in voice over IP is in part down to this packet process. Multiple conversations (as many as 6,000) can be transmitted over one pair of copper wires.
Wider adoption of VoIP has been largely down to advances in IP networking technology, and processor speed increases. The faster a processor can sample voice data into small packets, and the faster those packets can be sent over an IP network, the better and more efficient VoIP becomes.
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